This series of articles provides a blueprint for a comprehensive training course covering the management of spasticity. The four different modules cover:
- Module 1: Pathophysiology and Assessment; Goal Setting. Covering the underlying pathophysiology of spasticity and identifying the muscles involved and the extent of that involvement. The importance of patient involvement and goal setting is considered as well as the best tools for patient assessment
- Module 2: Nonsurgical Management. Covering the most commonly used drugs and interventions. The optimal use of baclofen or botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and suitable adjunctive therapies are included in detail
- Module 3: Surgical Management. Covering patient selection for surgery and the appropriate surgical techniques to employ
- Module 4: Optimizing Outcomes. A helpful troubleshooting guide, which provides practical algorithms for assessing the reasons behind suboptimal with treatment oral drugs, alcohol/phenol, intrathecal baclofen, or BoNT-A.